منابع مشابه
Cloud Computing: Centralization and Data Sovereignty
Cloud computing can be defined as the provision of computing resources on-demand over the Internet. Although this might bring a number of advantages to end-users in terms of accessibility and elasticity of costs, problems arise concerning the collection of personal information in the Cloud and the legitimate exploitation thereof. To the extent that most of the content and software application a...
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A classification algorithm, called the Linear Centralization Classifier (LCC), is introduced. The algorithm seeks to find a transformation that best maps instances from the feature space to a space where they concentrate towards the center of their own classes, while maximimizing the distance between class centers. We formulate the classifier as a quadratic program with quadratic constraints. W...
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School finance reform in Michigan involved centralization (at the state level) of spending decisions about schools, a large tax shift (mostly from property to sales), and a small tax cut. The changes came about after two decades of failed attempts to reduce property taxes in the state, and were the immediate result of an unlikely piece of legislation that abolished all funding for public school...
متن کاملCENTRALIZATION , Decentralization , Recentralization :
Abstract China’s educational leaders have long debated the pluses and minuses of decentralization of control and resources of China’s vast educational enterprise. During various periods of post-1949 China, the central authorities have devolved control to the provinces, key cities, and rural communes, only to recentralize later usually due to political reforms. In this chapter various stages of ...
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Degree centralization is a simple and widely used index of degree distribution concentration in social networks. Conventionally, the centralization score is normalized by the maximum value attainable at the observed order; this results in a measure on the unit interval. Here, exact bounds are provided for degree centralization given density as well as order. It is shown that roughly half of the...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: International Astronomical Union Colloquium
سال: 1982
ISSN: 0252-9211
DOI: 10.1017/s0252921100083081